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4th European-American Workshop on Reliability of NDE

BAM – Berlin, Germany – June 24^th – 26^th, 2009

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P1	No UV Radiation in Magnetic Powder and Penetrant Inspection R.Söhnchen, Automation W+R, München, Germany Kurzfassung: A new light source for the magnetic powder and penetrant testing inspection increases the contrast ... more Kurzfassung: minimize A new light source for the magnetic powder and penetrant testing inspection increases the contrast of material defects while avoiding UV exposure to NDT personnel. Newly developed LED illumination and filters stimulate the fluorescence, leading to better inspection results and better protection to the NDT personnel. The method and industrial implementations will be presented. Bluelight LEDs substitute UV bulbs in the visual inspection and in automated surface inspection systems. Keywords. Magnetic powder inspection, penetrant testing inspection, UV-exposure, crack detection, surface inspection 1. Introduction The magnetic particle and penetrant testing inspection are a non-destructive detection method. Cracks are indicated by using the magnetic powder or penetrate testing method. A high contrast between cracks and the undamaged surface of an object is inevitably necessary for a fault-free visual inspection. 2. Current situation with UV illumination Traditional UV-mercury-illumination generates UV radiation. Comprehensive industrial safety measures have to be applied to ensure skin and eye protection. A fundamental problem with visually testing by UV-mercury-illumination is the use of shortwave light in the UV range. This generally results in the human eye being greatly stressed. In the case of direct contact with the shortwave radiation, the skin and other organs may also be damaged. If the intensity of the exiting UV light is increased in order to obtain a higher contrast, the risks will increase. 3. Introduction of a new illumination approach Introducing the Autoflux®-Cracklight-System, Automation W + R GmbH offers a new approach in the field of surface inspection. Autoflux® Cracklight enables inspection without UV radiation. As a result, this system (patent pending) eliminates extensive work protection regulations and delivers improved inspection results, both factors contributing to reduced production costs. The system consists of a combination of newly developed LED illumination and filters. The inspector merely sees the flux medium resonance, but not the light that stimulates the fluorescence. The use of innovative LEDs and corresponding high-tech filters replace the use of UV-mercury-illumination. The new system convinces with low consumption of energy and higher life expectancy.
P2	Protocols for Noise - Acquisition and Application for POD Data & Models L.Schaefer, Rolls-Royce Deutschland, Dahlewitz, Germany Kurzfassung: MIL-HDBK-1823 and recommended practice from the MAPOD working group has established the importance ... more Kurzfassung: minimize MIL-HDBK-1823 and recommended practice from the MAPOD working group has established the importance of proper characterization and integration of noise distributions into POD estimates. In observed practice however, the consideration of noise in estimates of POD is often constrained to the exam calibration activity. Further, biasing POD demonstrations towards proving the smallest flaw size possible can crowd out effective consideration of the signal plus noise interaction. The consequences for suboptimized use of noise distributions in both empirical and FMA (Full Model Assist) PODs are significant. They can include expansion of scope and cost of the POD assessment, modifications to design and life management programs, and ultimately costly field campaigns to recover from optomistic PODs. In this talk we will examine some empirical and XFN (Transfer function) incorporated PODs for the effects and consequences of noise. We will present results for sampling protocols and visualization techniques as suggested in 1823 to demonstrate the improved robustness of POD when noise influences are fully considered. Finally we will look at how this rigor can support eventual transition to a full model assist (FMA) environment.
P3	Analysis of a Multiple-Operators Database for MAPOD Study of Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Response from Side-Drilled Holes J.Moysan, Univ. de la Méditerranée, Aix en Provence, France A.Le Brun, EDF R&D, Chatou Cedex, France M.-A.Ploix, LCND - Aix-Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France G.Corneloup, Univ. de la Méditerranée, Aix en Provence, France Kurzfassung: The development of NDT simulation tools allows developing Model Assisted Probability Of Detection. ... more Kurzfassung: minimize The development of NDT simulation tools allows developing Model Assisted Probability Of Detection. In this study the application field concerns the inspection of steel components using contact ultrasound probe. The most important physical parameters of interest are firstly selected. Comparisons are made using real data and simulated ones. In this study the CIVA platform is used to calculate modelled amplitudes. The work is a part of the French SISTAE project (Simulation and Statistics for NDE) driven by the French Atomic Commission. A two dimensional distribution of the amplitudes is obtained depending both on the hole diameter and on the hole depth. With these data two POD curves: amplitude vs diameter or amplitude vs depth could be obtained. The question of noise simulation is then introduced with various experimental results.
P4	Increasing the Probability of Detection and Evaluation of Buried Metallic Objects by Data Fusion GPR - Low Frequency Electromagnetic Sensor Array A.Savin, A.Bruma, R.Grimberg, S.Leitoiu, R.Steigmann, Nat. Inst. of R&D for Technical Physics, Iasi, Romania C.C.Comisu, Technical University Gh.Asachi, Iasi, Romania Kurzfassung: In present, for detection of buried metallic objects, are used two methods: - Ground penetrating r... more Kurzfassung: minimize In present, for detection of buried metallic objects, are used two methods: - Ground penetrating radar (GPR) - that functions usually at frequency in the range of hundred of MHz; this method presents a good spatial resolution but, due to the relatively small penetration depth it is efficient as far as depths in the range of few meters. - Low frequency electromagnetic induction methods (EMI) – that works in the range 1-50kHz and can detect metallic objects buried at depths much bigger but has the disadvantages of a spatial resolution inferior to GPR. To improve the spatial resolution of EMI, we propose the using for detection of a sensor array which, using the super resolution algorithms allows the simultaneous obtaining of a better signal to noise ratio and of a superior spatial resolution. The data fusion GPR-EMI leads to the increasing of the probability of detection and to improving the evaluation of shape and position of the buried metallic objects.
P5	Experiences in Determining the Reliability of UT Techniques for Railway Track and Train Constructions I.Etingen, Inst. of bridges & NDT, St. Petersburg, Russia G.Dymkin, V.Konshina, NDT-Center, St. Petersburg, Russia Kurzfassung: NDE reliability is the degree to which an NDE systems achieves its purpose of detection and describ... more Kurzfassung: minimize NDE reliability is the degree to which an NDE systems achieves its purpose of detection and describing discontinuities (defect states). In general NDE reliability depends on a technique's ideal (intrinsic) capability, and is generally degraded by the effects of application parameters and human factors. However the factors which are forming by mentioned effects are intimately related and should not be considered as independent variables. This paper addresses and experimental approach to assessing the reliability of ultrasonic systems for NDE. The most complete and accurate assessment of trustworthiness for qualification of an ultrasonic testing technique can be obtained from results of testing a sufficiently large quantity of specimens followed by determining the real defect situation by means of destruction of specimens and analysis of opened cross-sections of the specimens under testing. Naturally, such qualification procedure is practically unacceptable. There exists a possibility of using specimens with artificial reflectors covering the entire range of reflective properties of defects. However, in this case, some uncertainty of the actual defect situation exists since it is characterized by values of measured characteristics of reflectors, determination of which demonstrates significant data spread. Measurement of defect characteristics is the part of the UT procedure. A decision on acceptability or unacceptability of defects which has been detected during UT is made by comparing the values of measured characteristics of defects to rejection criteria, values of which are preset also by normative documents for testing. Therefore, the correct assessment of fitness of the tested object and classification is influenced by the accuracy of defects characteristics measurement. International standards of ISO 5725 series regulate methods for assessment of accuracy in measurements of various physical values in compliance with a standardized procedure (technique) and introduce concepts of reproducibility and repeatability of measurement results. In consideration of difficulties in assessment of trustworthiness of non-destructive testing techniques, and taking into account that application of the reproducibility and repeatability concepts is possible even if information about the actual value of the measured quantity is unavailable, an attempt is made in this report to use them for comparative assessment of ultrasonic testing techniques. It has been shown that quantitative assessment of an UT technique during its experimental study can be performed by determining reproducibility and/or repeatability of determination of measured characteristics of defects to be detected in compliance with requirements of NDT technique.
P6	Reliability Analysis for Risk-Informed Inspection D.Horn, AECL Chalk River Lab., Chalk River, Canada Kurzfassung: Many regulatory bodies are assessing the potential benefits of replacing predetermined inspection r... more Kurzfassung: minimize Many regulatory bodies are assessing the potential benefits of replacing predetermined inspection regimes by risk-informed inspection. While engineering assessment plays a large role in this approach, reliability analysis of the inspections is also needed: detection probabilities and the confidence levels associated with them are important in determining the increase or decrease in risk incurred by adopting alternative inspection strategies. The detection probabilities must be known and validated; their values must then be combined with the component and system failure risks in order for the calculated safety assessments to be meaningful. In the case of nuclear power reactors, a broad range of systems is inspected, and of the total inspection effort, the relative amount expended on each area can be optimized for the greatest overall risk reduction. An illustrative calculation is presented for the partitioning of effort between periodic inspections of two different systems.

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